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Complete the paragraph with words from the box. There is one extra word.
1. Have you heard of Sir Charles Babbage? He is often as the “Father of the Computer” because of the computer he in the 19th century. Computers are one of the most important tools in , but Babbage’s name is not so well-known. He was an English mathematician and , and he lived from 1791 to 1871. He wanted to design a that could do math with fewer mistakes than humans. He couldn’t finish it, but in 1991 the Science Museum in London used his to create a . Amazingly, Babbage’s design produced a computer that worked.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
2. I think that using digital money instead of paper money is a idea.
3. We my birthday with dinner at an expensive restaurant.
4. In my essay, I some important inventions of the last 20 years.
5. A computer is a series of instructions designed to make the computer carry out a specific task.
6. The I want to study science is because my grandmother was a scientist.
7. The first computers were compared to the tiny ones we have nowadays.
8. I have two main in life: to get a job I enjoy, and to start a family.
9. The inventor Alexander Bell was born in 1847 and in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Eight hundred years ago, a man in southern Turkey invented an amazing clock. It was more than 23 feet (seven meters) high. At its base was a life-size model elephant. Every half hour, something amazing happened. The whole clock came alive: Model birds, dragons, and people started to move. The clock’s inventor was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Diyarbakir, a city in Turkey. Al-Jazari was probably one of the greatest engineers in history. Some historians call him “the father of modern-day engineering.”
We know about al-Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes. They include clocks, hand-washing machines, and pumps for lifting water. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works. Many everyday items today – from toys to car engines – still use al-Jazari’s ideas. Without his machines with moving parts, we might not have modern-day robots.
Bill Gates is sometimes called “the father of home computing.” Born in 1955, Gates grew up in the United States. When he was 13, his school bought one of the earliest computers, and Gates showed huge interest in it. After discussing it with his teachers, he was allowed to miss math class and instead spend time on the computer. His aim was to be able to write his own computer programs. Gates became not just a brilliant computer programmer but also a smart businessman. In 1975, before he finished university, Gates co-founded Microsoft. As the company became successful, Gates had no reason to finish his university studies. In 2015, the company celebrated its 40th birthday and is now the world’s largest computer software company.
Ada Lovelace was born in 1815 and grew up in London, England. As a young girl, she was brilliant at math and science. At the age of 13, she even created a design for a flying machine.
When she was 17 years old, Lovelace met a mathematician named Charles Babbage. They became friends and enjoyed discussing math together. At the time, Babbage was working on a design for a machine called an “Analytical Engine.” The machine would be able to work on difficult math problems. Lovelace was very interested.
In 1843, Lovelace helped write an article on the Analytical Engine. She added her own ideas and notes to it. One of her notes described a step-by-step calculation that the Analytical Engine could perform. Today, the Analytical Engine is thought to be the first design of what we now call a computer. And Lovelace’s step-by-step calculation is thought to be the first ever computer program.
Read the passages before and answer the questions writing AL-JAZARI, ADA LOVELACE or BILL GATES (all in CAPITAL LETTERS). Some questions have two correct answers.
10. Who invented a machine that was taller than a person?
11. According to the passages, which two people wrote about their work in books or articles? and
12. Which two people are described as being brilliant teenagers? and
13. Which two people DIDN’T work on a flying machine? and
14. Who started a very successful business?
15. Who met a person who was designing a type of early computer?
16. Whose invention included model animals?
17. Who was the first person to design a computer program?
A
Sometimes people discover things or invent products by accident. Then they can’t find a way to use their invention, so they don’t think it’s important. Later, however, someone else may realize how to make the discovery useful. The “Post-it Notes” that you probably have in your home or office right now are a good example of this.
B
In 1968, a scientist was doing research at a large company called 3M. His goal was to create a very strong glue to stick things together. Instead, the glue he made was weak and not very sticky, and he thought it was a failure. He told his coworkers about his discovery, but none of them could think of any way to use it. Six years later, in 1974, another person at 3M had an idea. He put some of the weak glue on a piece of paper and used it to mark the page he was reading in a book. When he removed the piece of paper, it came off easily and didn’t make the page sticky. Best of all, he could use it again and again. He had found a good use for the weak glue.
C
This time 3M liked the invention, and in 1977 it began to give samples of the small, sticky paper to shoppers. The company called their product “Post-it Notes.” When the shoppers tried Post-it Notes, they loved them. They quickly discovered many uses for the small squares of paper, and most of them said that they would use Post-it Notes again. 3M realized it had a great product, and these days, people from all over the world use them all the time.
Read the passage. Then look at the statements and write in CAPITAL LETTERS:
TRUE if a statement is the same as information in the passage
FALSE if a statement is different to information in the passage
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
18. Post-it Notes are an example of a discovery that was made by accident.
19. 3M was the biggest glue company in the United States.
20. The 3M researcher immediately realized that he had a successful product.
21. The researcher’s colleagues had lots of meeting about the new glue.
22. One advantage of the glue is that it stays sticky for a long time.
23. In the beginning, 3M gave Post-it Notes to its customers for free
24. The first response from customers using Post-it Notes was not positive.
25. Today, people from many countries use Post-it Notes to mark pages in books.
A
Sometimes people discover things or invent products by accident. Then they can’t find a way to use their invention, so they don’t think it’s important. Later, however, someone else may realize how to make the discovery useful. The “Post-it Notes” that you probably have in your home or office right now are a good example of this.
B
In 1968, a scientist was doing research at a large company called 3M. His goal was to create a very strong glue to stick things together. Instead, the glue he made was weak and not very sticky, and he thought it was a failure. He told his coworkers about his discovery, but none of them could think of any way to use it. Six years later, in 1974, another person at 3M had an idea. He put some of the weak glue on a piece of paper and used it to mark the page he was reading in a book. When he removed the piece of paper, it came off easily and didn’t make the page sticky. Best of all, he could use it again and again. He had found a good use for the weak glue.
C
This time 3M liked the invention, and in 1977 it began to give samples of the small, sticky paper to shoppers. The company called their product “Post-it Notes.” When the shoppers tried Post-it Notes, they loved them. They quickly discovered many uses for the small squares of paper, and most of them said that they would use Post-it Notes again. 3M realized it had a great product, and these days, people from all over the world use them all the time.
Read the passage before and answer the questions.
26. What does the pronoun they refer to in the second sentence of paragraph A?
27. What does the pronoun it refer to in the third sentence of paragraph B?
28. What does the pronoun it refer to in the eighth sentence of paragraph B?
29. What does the pronoun they refer to in the fourth sentence of paragraph C?
Complete the sentences with the correct verb from the box. Write the verbs in the simple past tense
Example The ideas of Steve Jobs had a huge effect on the computer industry.
30. The inventor Thomas Edison in Port Huron, Michigan. He later moved away from the area.
31. My mother mathematics and environmental science at university.
32. An employee at 3M that weak glue works well in Post-it Notes.
33. The Science Museum in London used Charles Babbage’s notes and a model of his machine.
34. I my car to call my colleague about my new product idea.
Complete the sentences with the correct simple past tense of be.
Example The great engineer al Jazari was from Diyarbakir in Turkey.
35. The telephone and light bulb invented in the nineteenth century.
36. The school stopped the morning exercise class because it popular.
37. Tim and Joe in class this morning because they missed their bus.
38. Paper a useful invention because people could write down ideas.
Correct the sentences. Each sentence has one or two simple past tense mistakes.
Example Ada Lovelace growed up in England and was worked as a scientist.
Ada Lovelance grew up in England and worked as a scientist.
39. Leonardo da Vinci were famous for his art and the machines he designed.
39.
40. Alexander Bell was about 30 years old when he invent the telephone.
40.
41. Bill Gates became a brilliant programmer, but he didn’t finished university.
41.
42. Benjamin Franklin was a politician who haved some brilliant invention ideas.
42.
43. When I was a student, I get good grades for science, but I didn’t did well at languages.
43.
Think of an invention from long ago that changed the world. Answer the questions in your own words.
1. Which invention did you choose?
2. Do you know who the inventor was?
3. Do you know when it was invented?
4. What did people do with the invention?
5. How or why did it change the world?
Example Which invention did you choose to write about?
I choose to write about the television.
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